Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) Clinical Practice Exam

The relevant psychosocial stage for a client with poor self-esteem reflecting on childhood criticism is the stage of industry versus inferiority. This stage occurs during childhood, typically between the ages of 6 and 12 years, and is crucial for a child’s development of self-worth and competence. During this period, children are developing a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities through interactions with peers and the feedback they receive from caregivers and educators.

If children receive positive reinforcement and encouragement, they develop a sense of industry, leading to healthy self-esteem. Conversely, if they experience criticism and failure, they may develop feelings of inferiority, which can negatively impact their self-esteem and influence their social and emotional development well into adulthood. Therefore, reflecting on childhood criticism is consistent with the industry versus inferiority stage, as it directly connects to early experiences that shape self-perception and self-esteem.